Written by residents, fellows, and attending physicians, this thoroughly updated handbook is ideal for residents called on to do an inpatient consult, for students working on an inpatient medicine service, and for specialists seeking information on nephrology and general internal medicine management. The book covers inpatient and outpatient approaches, symptoms and diseases, and acute and chronic problems with the same front-lines practicality as the world-famous Washington Manual(R) of Medical Therapeutics. Sections cover general approaches to kidney disease; electrolytes and acid-base disorders; acute kidney injury and continuous renal replacement; causes of kidney disease; pregnancy and nephrolithiasis; and chronic kidney disease. Appendices list dosing adjustments for antimicrobials and antiretrovirals for patients with renal impairment. Key points about the diagnosis and management of disorders are bulleted for easy reference. This edition also includes illustrations. The Washington Manual(R) is a registered mark belonging to Washington University in St. Louis to which international legal protection applies. The mark is used in this publication by LWW under license from Washington University.

Contributing Authors     vi
Chairman's Note     viii
Preface     ix
General Approach to Kidney Disease
Art and Science of Urinalysis   Anton A. M. Cabellon     1
Assessment of Kidney Function   Sije Zheng     8
Renal Biopsy   Imran A. Memon     15
Approach to Proteinuria   Kabeya Mwintshi     21
Approach to Hematuria   Rouba Ghoussoub     27
Electrolytes and Acid-Base Disorders
Disorders of Water Balance: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia   Andrew Siedlecki   Matthew J. Koch     35
Disorders of Potassium Balance   Matthew J. Koch     48
Disorders of Calcium Metabolism   Jawad Munir     62
Disorders of Phosphorus Metabolism   Jawad Munir     71
Acid-Base Disorders   Bala P. Sankarapandian     78
Acute Kidney Injury and Continuous Renal Replacement
Overview and Management of Acute Kidney Injury and Acute Tubular Necrosis   Anitha Vijayan     94
Prerenal and Postrenal Acute Kidney Injury   Alexis Argoudelis   Anitha Vijayan     107
Intrinsic Causes of Acute Kidney Injury   Kamalanathan Sambandam     121
Contrast-InducedNephropathy   Ethan Hoerschgen   Anitha Vijayan     144
Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury   Anitha Vijayan     151
Causes of Kidney Disease
Overview and Approach to the Patient with Glomerular Disease   Rasa Kedainis     159
Primary Glomerulopathies   David Windus     171
Glomerulonephritis in Multisystem Disorders   Nadine D. Tanenbaum     183
Diabetic Nephropathy   Steven Cheng     193
Renal Artery Stenosis and Renovascular Hypertension   Matthew C. Lambert     202
Cystic Diseases of the Kidney   Michele Cabellon     212
Pregnancy and Nephrolithiasis
Renal Diseases in Pregnancy   Drew C. Heiple     223
Nephrolithiasis: Physicochemical Principles and General Management   Sreedhara B. Alla     235
Chronic Kidney Disease
Management of Chronic Kidney Disease   Daniel O. Young     250
Hemodialysis   Steven Cheng     260
Peritoneal Dialysis   Seth Goldberg     273
Principles of Drug Dosing in Renal Impairment   Christine Spaeth-Kelso     286
Care of the Renal Transplant Patient   Andrew Siedlecki   Matthew J. Koch      293
Appendixes
Red Flag Drugs That May Cause Renal Impairment     301
Mechanisms of Nephrotoxicity and Alternatives to Some Common Drugs     302
Common Medications with Active Metabolites     304
Dosing Adjustments for Antimicrobials     305
Dosing Adjustments for Antiretrovirals     309
Index     311