Based on Lever's Histopathology of the Skin, Ninth Edition, this full-color atlas presents an algorithmic pattern recognition approach to differential diagnosis of skin diseases. Whereas Lever's classifies diseases by pathogenesis, this atlas aids in differential diagnosis of unknown cases by classifying diseases morphologically, based on their location in the skin and the patterns and cell types seen through the microscope. Within each morphologic category, prototypic disorders are described and illustrated with full-color photomicrographs, and a list of differential diagnostic possibilities is presented. The atlas contains over 1,300 full-color illustrations. A bound-in image bank CD-ROM contains all the book's illustrations.

Preface to the Second Edition XIX
Preface to the First Edition XXI
Acknowledgments XXIII
Introduction XXV
Disorders Mostly Limited to the Epidermis and Stratum Corneum 1
Hyperkeratosis With Hypogranulosis 1
No Inflammation 1
Ichthyosis Vulgaris 1
Hyperkeratosis With Normal or Hypergranulosis 2
No Inflammation 2
X-Linked Ichthyosis 2
Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis 2
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis 3
Scant Inflammation 5
Lichen Amyloidosis and Macular Amyloidosis 7
Hyperkeratosis With Parakeratosis 7
Scant or No Inflammation 7
Dermatophytosis 8
Granular Parakeratosis 9
Localized or Diffuse Hyperpigmentations 10
No Inflammation 10
Mucosal Melanotic Macules 10
Ephelides (Freckles) 12
Scant Inflammation 13
Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor 13
Localized or Diffuse Hypopigmentations 13
With or Without Slight Inflammation 13
Vitiligo 13
References 15
Localized Superficial Epidermal or Melanocyte Proliferations 17
Localized Irregular Thickening of the Epidermis 18
Localized Epidermal Proliferations 18
Actinic Keratosis 18
Eccrine Poroma 18
Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ and Bowen's Disease 19
Bowenoid Papulosis 21
Clear Cell Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ 21
Clear Cell Acanthoma 21
Superficial Melanocytic Proliferations 24
Superficial Melanocytic Nevi and Melanomas 24
Pigmented Spindle Cell Nevus 25
Acral-Lentiginous Melanoma 25
Localized Lesions With Thinning of the Epidermis 28
With Melanocytic Proliferation 28
Lentigo Maligna Melanoma, In Situ or Microinvasive 28
Recurrent ("Persistent") Nevus, Lentiginous Patterns 30
Superficial Atypical Melanocytic Proliferations of Uncertain Significance, Lentiginous Patterns 32
Without Melanocytic Proliferation 32
Atrophic Actinic Keratosis 32
Porokeratosis 32
Localized Lesions With Elongated Rete Ridges 33
With Melanocytic Proliferation 34
Actinic Lentigo 34
Lentigo Simplex 34
Lentiginous Junctional Nevus 36
Nevus Spilus 37
Junctional or Superficial Compound Dysplastic Nevi 38
Without Melanocytic Proliferation 39
Epidermal Nevus 39
Seborrheic Keratosis 40
Acanthosis Nigricans 40
Localized Lesions With Pagetoid Epithelial Proliferation 41
Keratinocytic Proliferations 41
Pagetoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ 41
Clonal Seborrheic Keratosis 41
Melanocytic Proliferation 43
Melanoma In Situ or Microinvasive, Superficial Spreading Type 43
Recurrent Nevus (Pseudomelanoma), Pagetoid Patterns 47
Junctional Spitz Tumor (Nevus) with Pagetoid Proliferation 47
Superficial/Intraepidermal Atypical Melanocytic Proliferations of Uncertain Significance, Pagetoid Patterns 47
Glandular Epithelial Proliferations 47
Paget's Disease 47
Lymphoid Proliferations 49
Localized Papillomatous Epithelial Lesions 49
With Viral Cytopathic Effects 49
Verruca Vulgaris 49
Verruca Plana 50
Deep Palmoplantar Warts (Myrmecia) 50
Condyloma Acuminatum 51
Molluscum Contagiosum 52
Parapox Virus Infections (Milkers' Nodules, Orf) 52
No Viral Cytopathic Effect 55
Seborrheic Keratosis 55
Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis (Gougerot-Carteaud) 55
Irregular Proliferations Extending into the Superficial Dermis 58
Squamous Differentiation 58
Inverted Follicular Keratosis 58
Basaloid Differentiation 60
Basal Cell Carcinoma 60
Superficial Polypoid Lesions 63
Melanocytic Lesions 63
Polypoid Dermal and Compound Nevi 63
Spindle Cell and Stromal Lesions 64
Neurofibroma 64
Fibroepithelial Polyp 65
References 65
Disorders of the Superficial Cutaneous Reactive Unit 67
Superficial Perivascular Dermatitis 68
Superficial Perivascular Dermatitis, Mostly Lymphocytes 69
Viral Exanthem 69
Tinea Versicolor 70
Lupus Erythematosus, Acute 70
Guttate Parapsoriasis 70
Superficial Perivascular Dermatitis with Eosinophils 73
Morbilliform Drug Eruption 73
Allergic Urticarial Reaction (Morbilliform Drug Eruption) 74
Urticaria 74
Urticarial Bullous Pemphigoid 75
Superficial Perivascular Dermatitis with Neutrophils 77
Erysipelas 77
Erysipelas/Cellulitis 77
Superficial Perivascular Dermatitis with Plasma Cells 77
Secondary Syphilis 77
Kaposi's Sarcoma, Patch Stage 77
Superficial Perivascular Dermatitis, with Extravasated Red Cells 80
Pityriasis Rosea 80
Pityriasis Lichenoides 80
Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis 83
Superficial Perivascular Dermatitis, Melanophages Prominent 84
Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation 84
Superficial Perivascular Dermatitis, Mast Cells Predominant 85
Urticaria Pigmentosa 85
Superficial Dermatitis With Spongiosis (Spongiotic Dermatitis) 87
Spongiotic Dermatitis, Lymphocytes Predominant 88
Nummular Dermatitis (Eczema) 88
Eczematous Dermatitis 88
Meyerson's Nevus 88
Spongiotic Dermatitis, with Eosinophils 88
Allergic Contact Dermatitis 88
Allergic Contact Dermatitis 91
Spongiotic Dermatitis, with Plasma Cells 93
Spongiotic Dermatitis, with Neutrophils 93
Seborrheic Dermatitis 93
Superficial Dermatitis With Epidermal Atrophy (Atrophic Dermatitis) 94
Atrophic Dermatitis, Scant Inflammatory Infiltrates 94
Aged Skin 94
Radiation Dermatitis 94
Atrophic Dermatitis, Lymphocytes Predominant 95
Poikiloderma Atrophicans Vasculare 95
Dermatomyositis 97
Atrophic Dermatitis with Papillary Dermal Sclerosis 97
Lichen Sclerosus Et Atrophicus 97
Superficial Dermatitis With Psoriasiform Proliferation (Psoriasiform Dermatitis) 99
Psoriasiform Dermatitis, Mostly Lymphocytes 99
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris 99
Mycosis Fungoides, Patch-Plaque Stage 99
Parapsoriasis 101
Psoriasiform Dermatitis, with Plasma Cells 103
Lichen Simplex Chronicus 103
Psoriasiform Dermatitis, with Eosinophils 104
Chronic Allergic Dermatitis 105
Psoriasiform Dermatitis, Neutrophils Prominent (Neutrophilic/Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis) 105
Psoriasis Vulgaris 105
Psoriasiform Dermatitis, with Epidermal Pallor and Necrosis ("Nutritional Pattern" Dermatoses) 108
Necrolytic Migratory Erythema (Glucagonoma Syndrome) 108
Necrolytic Acral Erythema 110
Pellagra 110
Superficial Dermatitis With Irregular Epidermal Proliferation ("Hypertrophic Dermatitis") 111
Hypertrophic Dermatitis, Lymphocytes Predominant 111
Prurigo Nodularis 111
Irregular Epidermal Proliferation, Plasma Cells Present 112
Actinic Keratosis 112
Irregular Epidermal Proliferation, Neutrophils Prominent 112
Keratoacanthoma 113
Irregular Epidermal Proliferation, Above a Neoplasm 113
Verrucous Melanoma 113
Superficial Dermatitis With Lichenoid Infiltrates (Lichenoid Dermatitis) 113
Lichenoid Dermatitis, Lymphocytes Exclusively 113
Lichen Planus 113
Graft versus Host Disease 115
Mycosis Fungoides, Patch/Plaque Stage 115
Lichenoid Dermatitis, Lymphocytes Predominant 116
Lichen Planus-like Keratosis (Benign Lichenoid Keratosis) 116
Lichenoid Dermatitis, Eosinophils Present 117
Lichenoid Drug Eruptions 117
Lichenoid Dermatitis, Plasma Cells Present 118
Lichenoid Actinic Keratosis 120
Secondary Syphilis 120
Lichenoid Dermatitis, with Melanophages 120
Lichenoid Dermatitis, Histiocytes Predominant 121
Lichen Nitidus 121
Lichenoid Dermatitis, Mast Cells Predominant 122
Urticaria Pigmentosa, Lichenoid Examples 123
Lichenoid Dermatitis, with Dermal Fibroplasia 123
Mycosis Fungoides, Patch Stage 123
Superficial Vasculitis and Vasculopathies 123
Neutrophilic Vasculitis 124
Cutaneous Necrotizing (Leukocytoclastic) Vasculitis 124
Gonococcemia 126
Mixed Cell and Granulomatous Vasculitis 126
Granuloma Faciale 126
Vasculopathies with Lymphocytic Inflammation 127
Pigmented Purpuric Dermatoses 127
Vasculopathies with Scant Inflammation 129
Stasis Dermatitis 129
Stasis Dermatitis 129
Thrombotic, Embolic and Other Microangiopathies 130
Lupus Anticoagulant and Antiocardiolipin Syndromes 130
Cryoglobulinemia 131
Superficial Dermatitis With Interface Vacuoles (Interface Dermatitis) 132
Vacuolar Dermatitis, Apoptotic/Necrotic Cells Prominent 132
Erythema Multiforme 132
Fixed Drug Eruption 135
Graft versus Host Disease, Acute 135
Vacuolar Dermatitis, Apoptotic Cells Usually Absent 135
Dermatomyositis 135
Vacuolar Dermatitis, Variable Apoptosis 137
Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus 137
Vacuolar Dermatitis, Basement Membranes Thickened 138
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus 138
References 140
Acantholytic, Vesicular, and Pustular Disorders 143
Subcorneal or Intracorneal Separation 144
Sub/Intracorneal Separation, Scant Inflammatory Cells 144
Pemphigus Foliaceus 144
Sub/Intracorneal Separation, Neutrophils Prominent 144
Impetigo Contagiosa 144
Folliculitis with Subcorneal Pustule Formation 147
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis 147
Sub/Intracorneal Separation, Eosinophils Predominant 148
Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum 148
Intraspinous Keratinocyte Separation, Spongiotic 148
Intraspinous Spongiosis, Scant Inflammatory Cells 148
Friction Blister 148
Intraspinous Spongiosis, Lymphocytes Predominant 149
Dyshidrotic Dermatitis (Eczema) 149
Intraspinous Spongiosis, Eosinophils Present 150
Acute Contact Dermatitis 150
Bullous Pemphigoid, Urticarial Phase 150
Incontinentia Pigmenti 150
Intraspinous Spongiosis, Neutrophils Predominant 152
Dermatophytosis 153
Intraspinous Keratinocyte Separation, Acantholytic 153
Intraspinous Acantholysis, Scant Inflammatory Cells 153
Familial Benign Pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey Disease) 153
Transient Acantholytic Dermatosis (Grover's Disease) 153
Intraspinous Acantholysis, Predominant Lymphocytes 156
Herpes Simplex 156
Varicella-Zoster Infection 157
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Erythema Multiforme with Intraepidermal Vesiculation 157
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus 157
Intraspinous Acantholysis, Eosinophils Present 158
Pemphigus Vegetans 158
Intraspinous Separation, Neutrophils or Mixed Cell Types 161
Immunoglobulin A Pemphigus 161
Suprabasal Keratinocyte Separation 162
Suprabasal Vesicles, Scant Inflammatory Cells 162
Keratosis Follicularis (Darier's Disease) 162
Warty Dyskeratoma 164
Suprabasal Separation, Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells 164
Acantholytic Actinic Keratosis 164
Suprabasal Vesicles, Lymphocytes and Eosinophils 165
Pemphigus Vulgaris 165
Subepidermal Vesicular Dermatitis 168
Subepidermal Vesicles, Scant/No Inflammation 168
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda and Other Porphyrias 168
Subepidermal Vesicles, Lymphocytes Predominant 171
Bullous Lichen Planus 171
Polymorphous (Polymorphic) Light Eruption 172
Bullous Dermatophytosis 173
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus 173
Subepidermal Vesicles, Eosinophils Prominent 173
Bullous Pemphigoid 173
Bullous Drug Eruption 177
Herpes Gestationis 177
Subepidermal Vesicles, Neutrophils Prominent 177
Dermatitis Herpetiformis 177
Linear Immunoglobulin A Dermatosis 180
Bullous Lupus Erythematosus 180
Subepidermal Vesicles, Mast Cells Prominent 181
Bullous Mastocytosis 181
References 182
Perivascular, Diffuse, and Granulomatous Infiltrates of the Reticular Dermis 185
Superficial and Deep Perivascular Infiltrates Without Vasculitis 186
Perivascular Infiltrates, Lymphocytes Predominant 187
Erythema Annulare Centrifugum 187
Erythema Chronicum Migrans 188
Tumid Lupus Erythematosus 188
Perivascular Infiltrates, Neutrophils Predominant 190
Cellulitis 191
Perivascular Infiltrates, Lymphocytes, and Eosinophils 191
Papular Urticaria 191
Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy 192
Perivascular Infiltrates, with Plasma Cells 193
Secondary Syphilis 194
Tertiary Syphilis 196
Morphea 196
Perivascular Infiltrates, Mixed Cell Types 196
Erythema Chronicum Migrans 196
Vasculitis and Vasculopathies 197
Vascular Damage, Scant Inflammatory Cells 197
Degos' Syndrome 198
Vasculitis, Lymphocytes Predominant 198
Pernio 198
Pityriasis Lichenoides 201
Cytomegalovirus Infection 201
Erythema Chronicum Migrans 201
Vasculitis, Neutrophils Prominent 201
Polyarteritis Nodosa and Microscopic Polyangiitis 201
Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis 202
Erythema Elevatum Diutinum 202
Vasculitis, Mixed Cell Types and/or Granulomas 203
Churg-Strauss Syndrome (Allergic Granulomatosis) 203
Papulonecrotic Tuberculid 204
Thrombotic and Other Microangiopathies 204
Calciphylaxis 205
Livedo Reticularis 206
Diffuse Infiltrates of the Reticular Dermis 206
Diffuse Infiltrates, Lymphocytes Predominant 206
Jessner's Lymphocytic Infiltration of the Skin 206
Leukemia Cutis 209
Diffuse Infiltrates, Neutrophils Predominant 209
Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis (Sweet's Syndrome) 209
Neutrophilic Dermatosis of the Dorsal Hands 210
Erysipelas 210
Diffuse Infiltrates, "Histiocytoid" Cells Predominant 212
Lepromatous Leprosy 212
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X) 214
Xanthelasma 216
Diffuse Infiltrates, Plasma Cells Prominent 216
Secondary Syphilis 216
Diffuse Infiltrates, Mast Cells Predominant 216
Diffuse Infiltrates, Eosinophils Predominant 216
Eosinophilic Cellulitis (Wells Syndrome) 216
Tick Bite 219
Diffuse Infiltrates, Mixed Cell Types 219
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis 219
Diffuse Infiltrates, Pigment Cells 221
Nevi of Ota and Ito and Dermal Melanocyte Hamartoma 221
Diffuse Infiltrates, Extensive Necrosis 222
Gangrenous Ischemic Necrosis 222
Diffuse or Nodular Infiltrates of the Reticular Dermis with Epidermal Proliferation 223
Epidermal Proliferation with Mixed Cellular Infiltrates 223
North American Blastomycosis 223
Deep Fungal Infections-General 225
Nodular Inflammatory Infiltrates Of The Reticular Dermis - Granulomas, Abscesses, and Ulcers 225
Epithelioid Cell Granulomas without Necrosis 225
Sarcoidosis 225
Lupus Vulgaris 227
Epithelioid Cell Granulomas with Necrosis 228
Tuberculosis 228
Tuberculoid Leprosy 230
Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei (Granulomatous Rosacea) 230
Palisading Granulomas 230
Granuloma Annulare 230
Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum 232
Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma with Paraproteinemia 234
Rheumatoid Nodules 234
Palisaded Neutrophilic and Granulomatous Dermatitis 235
Mixed Cell Granulomas 238
Foreign-body Reactions 238
Inflammatory Nodules with Prominent Eosinophils 239
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilla, and Kimura 's Disease 240
Scabetic Nodule 241
Inflammatory Nodules with Mixed Cell Types 241
Sporotrichosis 241
Atypical Mycobacteria 241
Inflammatory Nodules with Necrosis and Neutrophils (Abscesses) 244
Botryomycosis 244
Chromoblastomycosis 245
Inflammatory Nodules with Prominent Necrosis 246
Aspergillosis 246
Chronic Ulcers and Sinuses Involving the Reticular Dermis 247
Chancroid 247
Pyoderma Gangrenosum 248
Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis 249
Dermal Matrix Fiber Disorders 251
Fiber Disorders, Collagen Increased 251
Scleroderma 251
Radiation Dermatitis 254
Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy 257
Regressing Melanoma 258
Superficial Scar (E.g., Biopsy Site Reaction) 258
Fiber Disorders, Collagen Reduced 259
Focal Dermal Hypoplasia Syndrome (Goltz) 259
Fiber Disorders, Elastin Increased or Prominent 259
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum 259
Fiber Disorders, Elastin Reduced 261
Macular Atrophy (Anetoderma) 261
Fiber Disorders, Perforating 261
Elastosis Perforans Serpiginosum 261
Reactive Perforating Collagenosis 261
Perforating Folliculitis 263
Deposition of Material in the Dermis 263
Increased Normal Nonfibrous Matrix Constituents 263
Digital Mucous Cysts and Focal Mucinosis 263
Mucinosis in Lupus Erythematosus 264
Myxedema 264
Scleredema 264
Scleromyxedema 264
Increased Material Not Normally Present in the Dermis 266
Gout 266
Oxalosis 266
Colloid Milium 270
Idiopathic Calcinosis Cutis 270
Cryoglobulinemia 272
Keratin Granuloma 272
Suture Granuloma 272
Minocycline Pigmentation 272
Parasitic Infestations of the Dermis and/or Subcutis 273
Larva Migrans Eruption 273
References 274
Tumors and Cysts of the Dermis and Subcutis 277
Small Cell Tumors 279
Tumors of Lymphocytes or Hemopoietic Cells 279
Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma 279
Cutaneous Diffuse B-Cell Lymphoma 280
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Tumor Stage 280
Tumors of Lymphocytes and MixedCell Types 282
B-Cell Cutaneous Lymphoid Hyperplasia (Pseudolymphoma or Lymphocytoma Cutis) 282
Tumors of Plasma Cells 284
Cutaneous Plasmacytoma and Multiple Myeloma 284
Small Round Cell Tumors 285
Cutaneous Small Cell Undifferentiated Carcinoma (Merkel Cell Tumor) 285
Metastatic Small Cell Carcinoma 287
Large Polygonal and Round Cell Tumors 287
Squamous Cell Tumors 287
Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Deep 287
Keratoacanthoma 288
Inverted Follicular Keratosis 290
Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia 293
Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst (Pilar Tumor) 293
Prurigo Nodularis 293
Adenocarcinomas 294
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma 294
Metastatic Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma 296
Metastatic Mammary Carcinoma 296
Melanocytic Tumors 296
Melanocytic Lesions with Little or No Cytologic Atypia 296
Melanocytic Nevi, Acquired, and Congenital Types 296
Acquired Nevi 297
Congenital Nevus 297
Acral Nevus 299
Balloon Cell Nevus 299
Halo Nevus 299
Blue Nevus 301
Cellular Blue Nevus 301
Melanocytic Lesions with Cytologic Atypia 303
Deep Penetrating Nevus 303
Spitz Tumor/Nevus 303
Nodular Melanoma 308
Nevoid Melanoma 310
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma 310
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma, Satellite Lesion 310
Epidermotropic Metastatic Melanoma 310
Pigmented Epithelioid Melanocytoma/Epithelioid Blue Nevus 311
Melanocytic Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential 312
Eccrine Tumors 314
Circumscribed, Symmetrical Eccrine Tumors 314
Eccrine Spiradenoma 314
Cylindroma 314
Poroma 314
Syringoma 314
Nodular Hidradenoma 314
Clear Cell Syringoma 314
Chondroid Syringoma 319
Infiltrative, Asymmetric Eccrine Tumors 319
Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma 319
Mucinous Eccrine Carcinoma 322
Digital Papillary Adenocarcinoma 322
Apocrine Tumors 323
Tubular Apocrine Adenoma 323
Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum 323
Pilar Tumors 325
Trichoepithelioma 325
Desmoplastic Trichoepithelioma 326
Dilated Pore of Winer 327
Pilar Sheath Acanthoma 327
Trichilemmoma 327
Trichofolliculoma 327
Fibrofolliculoma 327
Trichoadenoma 327
Pilomatricoma 327
Trichoblastoma 327
Sebaceous Tumors 332
Sebaceous Adenoma and Sebaceous Epithelioma (Sebaceoma) 332
Sebaceous Hyperplasia 334
Nevus Sebaceous of Jadassohn 334
Sebaceous Epithelioma 334
Sebaceous Carcinoma 334
"Histiocytoid" Tumors 337
Xanthomas and Xanthelasma 337
Xanthelasma 337
Eruptive Xanthoma 337
Verruciform Xanthoma 337
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma 337
Reticulohistiocytosis 339
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma 339
Tumors of Large Lymphoid Cells 342
Cutaneous CD30[superscript +] (Ki-1[superscript +]) Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma 343
Lymphomatoid Papulosis 343
Leukemia Cutis 343
Mast Cell Tumors 347
Urticaria Pigmentosa, Nodular Lesions 347
Tumors with Prominent Necrosis 348
Epithelioid Sarcoma 348
Miscellaneous and Undifferentiated Epithelial Tumors 351
Granular Cell Tumor 351
Cellular Neurothekeoma 351
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma 351
Spindle Cell, Pleomorphic and Connective Tissue Tumors 352
Fibrohistiocytic Spindle Cell Tumors 352
Fibrohistiocytic Tumors with Minimal or No Atypia 352
Dermatofibroma 352
Cellular Dermatofibroma 354
Sclerosing/Angiomatoid Spitz Nevus (Desmoplastic Spitz Nevus) 354
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans 354
Fibrous Papule (Angiofibroma) 357
Recurrent Infantile Digital Fibromatosis 357
Keloid 357
Acquired Digital Fibrokeratoma 357
Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath 357
Nodular Fasciitis 357
Fibrohistiocytic Tumors with High-Grade Atypia 360
Atypical Fibroxanthoma 360
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma 360
Lesions with Myxoid Changes 363
Mucocele 363
Digital Mucous Cyst 363
Cutaneous Myxoma 363
Schwannian/Neural Spindle Cell Tumors 365
Neurofibromas 365
Neurofibromatosis 366
Schwannoma (Neurilemmoma) 366
Palisaded Encapsulated Neuroma 366
Accessory Digit 366
Spindle Cell Tumors of Muscle 370
Leiomyomas 370
Angioleiomyoma 371
Smooth Muscle Hamartoma 371
Leiomyosarcoma 371
Melanocytic Spindle Cell Tumors 374
Desmoplastic Melanoma 374
Tumors and Proliferations of Angiogenic Cells 375
Pyogenic Granuloma (Lobular Capillary Hemangioma) 375
Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia (Masson's Hemangio-Endotheliome Vegetant Intravasculaire) 376
Stasis Dermatitis with Vascular Proliferation (Acroangiodermatitis, Pseudo-Kaposi's Sarcoma) 378
Kaposi's Sarcoma 378
Diffuse Dermal Angiomatosis 379
Cutaneous Angiosarcoma 379
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma 383
Targetoid Hemosiderotic Hemangioma (Hobnail Hemangioma) 383
Angiokeratoma 385
Arteriovenous Hemangioma 385
Cavernous Hemangioma 385
Cherry Hemangioma 385
Microvenular Hemangioma 385
Cutaneous Lymphangioma 385
Venous Lake 385
Glomangioma 385
Subungual Glomus Tumor 385
Tumors of Adipose Tissue 390
Nevus Lipomatosus Superficialis 390
Lipoma 391
Angiolipomas 391
Spindle Cell Lipoma 391
Pleomorphic Lipoma 391
Liposarcoma 394
Tumors of Cartilaginous Tissue 394
Tumors of Osseous Tissue 395
Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy and Osteoma Cutis 395
Cysts of the Dermis and Subcutis 396
Pilar Differentiation 396
Epidermal or Infundibular Cyst 396
Trichilemmal (Pilar) Cyst 396
Steatocystoma 396
Vellus Hair Cyst 396
Eccrine and Similar Differentiation 399
Eccrine Hidrocystoma 399
Median Raphe Cyst 402
Bronchogenic Cyst 402
Cutaneous Endometriosis 402
Apocrine Differentiation 402
Apocrine Hidrocystoma 402
Hidradenoma Papilliferum 402
References 403
Inflammatory and Other Benign Disorders of Skin Appendages 407
Pathology Involving Hair Follicles 408
Scant Inflammation 408
Androgenetic Alopecia 408
Trichotillomania 408
Telogen Effluvium 410
Keratosis Pilaris 412
Scurvy 412
Lymphocytes Predominant 412
Alopecia Areata 412
Lichen Planopilaris 414
Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia 418
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus of the Scalp 420
Alopecia Mucinosa 420
Rosacea 420
With Prominent Eosinophils 420
Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis 420
Neutrophils Prominent 421
Acute Deep Folliculitis (Furuncle) 421
Tinea Capitis 421
Majocchi's Granuloma 421
Herpes Simplex Viral Folliculitis 421
Plasma Cells Prominent 425
Folliculitis (Acne) Keloidalis Nuchae 426
Tinea Capitis 426
Fibrosing and Suppurative Follicular Disorders 426
Follicular Occlusion Triad (Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Acne Conglobata, and Perifolliculitis Capitis Abscedens Et Suffodiens) 426
Hidradenitis Suppurativa 428
Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp 428
Folliculitis Decalvans 428
Pathology Involving Sweat Glands 430
Scant Inflammation 430
Eccrine Nevus 430
Lymphocytes Predominant 430
Lichen Striatus 430
With Plasma Cells 432
Lupus Erythematosus 432
With Eosinophils 432
Arthropod Bite 432
Neutrophils Predominant 432
Neutrophilic Eccrine Hidradenitis 432
Idiopathic Recurrent Palmoplantar Hidradenitis 435
Pathology Involving Nerves 435
Lymphocytic Infiltrates 435
Mixed Inflammatory Infiltrates 435
Nerve Involvement in Leprosy 435
Erythema Chronica Migrans with Nerve Involvement 437
Arthropod Bite Reaction with Nerve Involvement 437
Neoplastic Infiltrates 437
Neurotropic Melanoma 437
Pathology of the Nails 438
Lymphocytic Infiltrates 438
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma 439
Lymphocytes with Neutrophils 439
Onychomycosis 439
Vesiculobullous Diseases 440
Darier's Disease 440
Parasitic Infestations 440
Scabies 440
References 440
Disorders of the Subcutis 439
Subcutaneous Vasculitis and Vasculopathy (Septal or Lobular) 441
Neutrophilic Vasculitis 442
Subcutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa 442
Lymphocytic "Vasculitis" 443
Granulomatous Vasculitis 443
Erythema Induratum (Nodular Vasculitis) 443
Septal Panniculitis Without Vasculitis 444
Septal Panniculitis, Lymphocytes and Mixed Infiltrates 444
Erythema Nodosum 444
Septal Panniculitis, Granulomatous 446
Subcutaneous Granuloma Annulare 446
Septal Panniculitis, Sclerotic 447
Scleroderma and Morphea 447
Lobular Panniculitis Without Vasculitis 448
Lobular Panniculitis, Lymphocytes Predominant 448
Lupus Erythematosus Panniculitis 448
Lobular Panniculitis, Lymphocytes, and Plasma Cells 449
Lobular Panniculitis, Neutrophilic 450
Lobular Panniculitis, Eosinophils Prominent 450
Lobular Panniculitis, Histiocytes Prominent 450
Histiocytic Cytophagic Panniculitis (Subcutaneous T-cell Lymphoma with Hemophagocytic Syndrome) 450
Lobular Panniculitis, Mixed with Foam Cells 451
Relapsing Febrile Nodular Nonsuppurative Panniculitis (Weber-Christian Disease) 451
Lobular Panniculitis, Granulomatous 452
Subcutaneous Sarcoidosis 453
Lobular Panniculitis, Crystal Deposits, Calcifications 453
Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn 453
Calcifying Panniculitis (Calciphylaxis) 453
Lobular Panniculitis, Necrosis Prominent 456
Subcutaneous Nodular Fat Necrosis in Pancreatic Disease 456
Lobular Panniculitis, Embryonic Fat Pattern 457
Localized Lipoatrophy and Lipodystrophy 457
Lobular Panniculitis, Lipomembranous 458
Lipomembranous Change or Lipomembranous Panniculitis 458
Mixed Lobular and Septal Panniculitis 459
With Hemorrhage or Sclerosis 459
Panniculitis due to Physical or Chemical Agents 459
With Many Neutrophils 460
Necrotizing Fasciitis 460
With Many Eosinophils 461
Eosinophilic Fasciitis (Shulman's Syndrome) 461
With Many Lymphocytes 462
Subcutaneous Panniculitic or Lipotropic T-cell Lymphoma 462
With Cytophagic Histiocytes 463
Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (, Rosai-Dorfman) 463
With Granulomas 464
Mycobacterial Panniculitis 464
Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (Type 2 Leprosy Reaction) 466
Subcutaneous Abscesses 466
With Neutrophils 466
Phaeohyphomycotic Cyst 466
References 468
Index 469