This collection of 60 cases covers the clinically relevant physiology topics that first- and second-year medical students need to know for a first-year physiology course and for USMLE Step 1. Organized by body system, the book presents case studies with questions and problems, followed by complete explanations and solutions including diagrams, graphs, and charts. This edition includes four new cases and more illustrations and flowcharts. A companion Website will offer the fully searchable online text.

Preface     ix
Acknowledgments     xi
Cellular and Autonomic Physiology     1
Permeability and Simple Diffusion     2
Osmolarity, Osmotic Pressure, and Osmosis     7
Nernst Equation and Equilibrium Potentials     13
Primary Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis     19
Epidural Anesthesia: Effect of Lidocaine on Nerve Action Potentials     24
Multiple Sclerosis: Myelin and Conduction Velocity     28
Myasthenia Gravis: Neuromuscular Transmission     32
Pheochromocytoma: Effects of Catecholamines     36
Shy-Drager Syndrome: Central Autonomic Failure     42
Cardiovascular Physiology     47
Essential Cardiovascular Calculations     48
Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loops     57
Responses to Changes in Posture     64
Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise     69
Renovascular Hypertension: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System     74
Hypovolemic Shock: Regulation of Blood Pressure     79
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: Right Ventricular Failure     86
Myocardial Infarction: Left Ventricular Failure     91
Ventricular Septal Defect     97
Aortic Stenosis     101
Atrioventricular Conduction Block     105
Respiratory Physiology     109
Essential Respiratory Calculations: Lung Volumes, Dead Space, and Alveolar Ventilation     110
Essential Respiratory Calculations: Gases and Gas Exchange     116
Ascent to High Altitude     122
Asthma: Obstructive Lung Disease     128
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease     139
Interstitial Fibrosis: Restrictive Lung Disease     146
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning     153
Pneumothorax     157
Renal and Acid-Base Physiology     161
Essential Calculations in Renal Physiology     162
Essential Calculations in Acid-Base Physiology     170
Glucosuria: Diabetes Mellitus     175
Hyperaldosteronism: Conn's Syndrome     181
Central Diabetes Insipidus     190
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone     198
Generalized Edema: Nephrotic Syndrome     202
Metabolic Acidosis: Diabetic Ketoacidosis     208
Metabolic Acidosis: Diarrhea     215
Metabolic Acidosis: Methanol Poisoning     219
Metabolic Alkalosis: Vomiting     223
Respiratory Acidosis: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease      230
Respiratory Alkalosis: Hysterical Hyperventilation     234
Gastrointestinal Physiology     239
Difficulty in Swallowing: Achalasia     240
Malabsorption of Carbohydrates: Lactose Intolerance     244
Peptic Ulcer Disease: Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome     249
Peptic Ulcer Disease: Helicobacter pylori Infection     255
Secretory Diarrhea: Escherichia coli Infection     259
Bile Acid Deficiency: Ileal Resection     263
Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology     269
Growth Hormone-Secreting Tumor: Acromegaly     270
Galactorrhea and Amenorrhea: Prolactinoma     274
Hyperthyroidism: Graves' Disease     278
Hypothyroidism: Autoimmune Thyroiditis     285
Adrenocortical Excess: Cushing's Syndrome     289
Adrenocortical Insufficiency: Addison's Disease     294
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: 21[beta]-Hydroxylase Deficiency     299
Primary Hyperparathyroidism     302
Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy     306
Hyperglycemia: Type I Diabetes Mellitus     310
Primary Amenorrhea: Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome     315
Male Hypogonadism: Kallmann's Syndrome     319
Male Pseudohermaphroditism: 5[alpha]-Reductase Deficiency      322
Appendix     327
Index     329