Contributors

Preface

Obituary

1 Strain Theory of Malaria: The First 50 Years F. Ellis McKenzie McKenzie, F. Ellis David L. Smith Smith, David L. Wendy P. O'Meara O'Meara, Wendy P. Eleanor M. Riley Riley, Eleanor M. 1

1 Introduction 2

2 Background 3

3 Clinical Virulence 6

4 Reaction to Anti-malarial Remedies 9

5 Infectivity 12

6 Antigenic Properties 16

7 Latency and Relapse 28

8 Summary and Discussion 33

Acknowledgements 38

References 38

2 Advances and Trends in the Molecular Systematics of Anisakid Nematodes, with Implications for their Evolutionary Ecology and Host-Parasite Co-evolutionary Processes Simonetta Mattiucci Mattiucci, Simonetta Giuseppe Nascetti Nascetti, Giuseppe 47

1 Introduction 49

2 Molecular Systematics of Anisakid Nematodes 51

3 The Current Taxonomy 55

4 Phylogenetic Systematics of Anisakid Nematodes 91

5 Genetic Differentiation in Anisakids 100

6 Host-Parasite Cophylogeny 108

7 Host Preference, Ecological Niche and Competition 114

8 Anisakids as Biological Indicators 119

9 Conclusions and Identification of Gaps in Our Knowledge of Anisakids to be Filled by Future Research 130

Acknowledgements 137

References 137

3 Atopic Disorders and Parasitic Infections Aditya Reddy Reddy, Aditya Bernard Fried Fried, Bernard 149

1 Introduction 150

2 Atopic Disorders 151

3 Relationship of Parasites to Atopic Disorders 154

4 Laboratory Studies on Atopy Using Selected Parasites and Rodent Models 175

5 Concluding Remarks 182

References 184

4 Heartworm Disease in Animals and Humans John W. McCall McCall, John W. Claudio Genchi Genchi, Claudio Laura H. Kramer Kramer, Laura H. Jorge Guerrero Guerrero, Jorge Luigi VencoVenco, Luigi 193

1 Introduction (Biology and Life Cycle) 195

2 Epidemiology in Domestic and Wild Hosts 199

3 Pathogenesis, Immunology and Wolbachia Endosymbiosis 209

4 Canine Heartworm Disease 222

5 Feline Heartworm Disease 233

6 Heartworm Disease in Ferrets 253

7 Human Dirofilariosis 258

8 Emerging Strategies in Heartworm Treatment and Control 263

Acknowledgments 265

References 265

Index 287

Contents of Volumes in This Series 295